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Gas dynamic cold spray
Gas dynamic cold spray (GDCS) is a coating deposition method.〔developed in the mid-1980s at the (The Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics )〕 Solid powders (1 to 50 micrometers in diameter) are accelerated in a supersonic gas jet to velocities up to 500–1000 m/s. During impact with the substrate, particles undergo plastic deformation and adhere to the surface. To achieve a uniform thickness the spraying nozzle is scanned along the substrate. Metals, polymers, ceramics, composite materials and nanocrystalline powders can be deposited using cold spraying. The kinetic energy of the particles, supplied by the expansion of the gas, is converted to plastic deformation energy during bonding. Unlike thermal spraying techniques, e.g., plasma spraying, arc spraying, flame spraying, or high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), the powders are not melted during the spraying process.
==Types==
There are two types of GDCS. High pressure cold spray (HPCS) in which the working gas is nitrogen or helium at pressures above 1.5 MPa, a flow rate of more than 2 m3/min, heating power of 18 kW. It is used for spraying are used a pure metal powders with the sizes of 5-50 µm. In low pressure cold spray (LPCS), the working gas is a compressed air with pressure 0.5-1.0 MPa, flow rate 0.5–2 m3/min and the heating power 3-5 kW. It is used for spraying are used a mechanical mixture of metal and ceramic powders. The inclusion of a ceramic component in the mixture provides high-quality coatings with relatively low energy consumption.〔(The review ) presents of patents and patent applications on GDSC, from the first mention of a few ideas at the beginning of the 20th century, its practical discovery in Russia in the 1980s and its subsequent development and commercialization.〕
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